I think it’s striking, if you take the longue durée view of the evolution of the sciences, to recall where these divisions of knowledge we take for granted come from. Prudential Insurance, for example, had a workshop entirely devoted to repairing broken down calculating machines. Official channels for redress offer little help: alleviating out-group concerns is by necessity counter to the interests of the optimization system and its target customers. Jack Gross Class of 2023 Perfect Game Player Profile. It’s salutary to work in a language like German, which, unlike English, did not narrow the meaning of “science” in the 19th century to mean only the natural sciences. They are meant to be tweaked in the face of experience, adjusted to specific circumstances. Until the late-19th century, calculation was called mechanical labor, but no machines were involved. Read Full Summary The problem was that they didn’t work very well—Pascal suggested that you should check the results of the calculating machine by hand, which sort of defeated their purpose. ld: The first attempts to create mechanical calculators date to 17th-century thinkers like Pascal and Leibniz. He acted as an executive producer during the Due South’s final season. But the history of science has also been quite permeable to the methods of the social sciences. Condorcet’s curriculum featured instruction in probability—a reasonable calculus—to give future citizens a kind of road map for decision making. jg: I wanted to ask a general question about your first book, Classical Probability in the Enlightenment. Eschewing the dominant frameworks used to analyze and critique digital optimization systems, the authors offer an analysis that illuminates fundamental problems with both optimization systems and the proliferating literature that attempts to solve them. This is a simple economic story: an employer divides labor as finely as possible in order to employ the cheapest labor available on the market—schoolboys in this case, and then the highly educated, extremely conscientious labor of women. Among his most cited early works is the two-part "What Do Bosses Do? This is both because the maid is a woman in a dependent relation to her master and because of the remote inferential link between committing the crime and the observed psychological state of the subject. FREE Background Report. Mixed Martial Arts on ESPN.com: latest news, scores, schedule, stats, and highlights from ESPN One part of this story, then, is the association of calculation first with the division of labor, and then with very cheap labor. In his telling, mathematical probability hit with the suddenness of a thunderbolt. Invisible Hands: the Businessmen’s Crusade Against the New Deal, Fear City: New York’s Fiscal Crisis and the Rise of Austerity Politics. Technical improvements strengthened the relationship between the notions of mechanical and calculation. Jack Gross is a writer, editor, and researcher in New York. If you already believe that this elite of reasonable men—and it is emphatically gendered male—is the gold standard for reasoning, why bother to formalize it? Jack Gross: Regulating the Poor develops a theoretical framework for the function of welfare in the United States—how did you develop this approach to American welfare, and how did you … There’s an obvious and perhaps a less obvious attraction to doing this kind of history. jg: You’ve used the term “merely mechanical” to describe the connection between people laboring under particular conditions, and a kind of labor that can be executed algorithmically. Phenomenal World Phenomenal World February 13th, 2020 Austerity and Ideology ... Jack Gross: I wonder if you can speak in a little bit more detail about the institutions that emerged out of the crisis period. To have a spectrum, in which there were degrees of probability between the extreme values of truth and falsehood, was a gobsmacking upheaval. JFI’s work sits at the intersection of economics, politics, information technology, finance, and culture to bring promising ideas from theory to practice. It’s really important to distinguish between these two groups of people, because they are performing two very different tasks. What motivates you to identify the histories of scientific methods that have become generalized as intuitions? ld: History of science lies in the middle of a triangle defined by the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Of course, algorithmic rules also have a long history: the rules of arithmetic are the ur-algorithmic rules, but they constitute a tiny minority of all rules. There’s not a machine in sight. If all who were entitled to government benefits claimed them, they argued, the system would buckle, exposing the magnitude of American poverty and the inadequacy of its safety net. ld: I think that’s correct, but I didn’t initially think of these projects as being linked. One of the great calculating projects of the late 18th century is the French attempt to recalculate logarithms on a base 10 system as a tribute to the metric system of the French Revolution. You see it most vividly in the research done by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in their famous work “Judgment under Uncertainty,” in which human reasoning is seen to be intrinsically flawed as measured by the standards of Bayesian probability theory. We also found 12 background checks for Jack Gross, including criminal records. Something as simple as shifting from one language to another can prompt you to think historically about how all these forms of knowledge are intertwined. Official site of actor Jack Gross. There is, however, a major difference between attempts to formalize reasoning from, say, 18th-century probability theory, and more modern notions of algorithmic rationality. Jack Gross is Chief Executive Officer at ONE Jeanswear Group, Inc. View Jack Gross’s professional profile on Relationship Science, the database of decision makers. View phone numbers, addresses, public records, background check reports and possible arrest records for Jack Donald Gross. This seems to follow a logic of automating material production, where you look at the total process, disassemble it into component parts, and then deskill and automate it. Lorraine Daston: It started with a collaborative project on Cold War rationality, when I realized there was a clear difference between traditional philosophical ideas of reason and a form of rationality that came to characterize the American human sciences in the mid-20th century. And, crucially, the early figures of mathematical probability—Pierre de Fermat, Leibniz, and Pascal—all had extensive experience in the law. Jack Gross is telling me that the best way to prepare for a world where you could be cast aside from moving up, is to always, always be your best so that they can't reject you. Phenomenal World is a publication managed by staff of the Jain Family Institute. These claims in Hacking’s book continue to grip me. There’s another element, however: the actual improvements in mechanical calculation, which allowed for the smoother working of a calculating machine. To get at that, we have to tell a history not only of emergence, but of the formation of the deepest levels of our intuition. I find the qualitative/quantitative division to be both puzzling and provincial—provincial in a double sense of it being linked to a particular language and also to our particular historical moment. Optimizing the Crisis. He has a creative mind and is often off in an alternate universe fighting an epic battle or inventing new characters. They have also lived in Key Largo, FL and Miami Gardens, FL. Jack Gross . It is startling to see how consistent these interests are across my work. At least in his telling, that was the insight that led him to the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine. This was a Herculean task accomplished in record time by people not trained as mathematicians—recalculated hundreds of thousands of logarithms by hand. He manages the Phenomenal World. Phenomenal World January 29th, 2020 Historicizing the Self-Evident — Jack Gross Jack was an amazing loving a caring person and a devoted husband and father. Enlightenment thinkers held that this form of reasoning must be made accessible to everyone. jg: The continuity I was after was between people who work under similar labor conditions as content moderators—often low-wage workers in the Global South, contracted to large American tech firms—but who are performing tasks more closely akin to those of calculators: they are the machine behind the machine, tagging images for computer vision programs and the like. Jack has 5 jobs listed on their profile. Jack Gross Research Writer and Editor Jack Gross is a writer, editor and researcher. ld: Right. Phenomenal World September 30th, 2019 Little Mephisto — Phenomenal World. Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science since 1995 (emeritus as of Spring 2019), she is the author and co-author of over a dozen books, each stunning in scope and detail, and each demonstrating an ability to make the common uncommon—to illuminate what she calls the “history of the self-evident.”. Amidst the ever expanding reach of all varieties of quantification and algorithmic formalization, both the earliest of Daston's works (the 1988 book Classical Probability in the Enlightenment) and her most recent (an ongoing project on the history of rules) perform this task, uncovering the contingencies that swirled around the invention of mathematical probability, and the rise of algorithmic rule-making. The ensuing political crisis would provide an opening in which to enact broad and lasting anti-poverty policy. Our conversation was edited for length and clarity. Across Pennsylvania, consumers are being denied the basic ability to obtain shelter. Select this result to view Jack D Gross… That same year, anti-poverty groups around the country formed a broad coalition that became the National Welfare Rights Organization, of which Piven was a founding member. View Jack Gross’ profile on LinkedIn, the world’s largest professional community. Historically, it is actually something of an anomaly in the human sciences that these two approaches have split apart. This was a story of radical novelty, in which suddenly, like a volcano erupting, something completely new appeared in the intellectual landscape. Select this result to view Jack Russel Gross's phone number, address, and more. For millennia, at least in the Western philosophical tradition, logic was a matter of yes-or-no: a statement was either true or false. Email him at jack.gross@jfiresearch.org. These programs require a mapping of the world in a way that is computationally legible, and translating the messy world into one that makes sense to a computer is imperfect. The histories are in many ways rightfully triumphal—there has clearly been extraordinary technological advance from the clumsy machines of the 17th century to today—but it’s always been the case that effective functioning has been dependent on high-level judgment, often performed by those on the low end of the hierarchical division of labor. jg: A final question I want to ask is about your discipline. Somewhat infamous for his post-tenure radicalism, Marglin has published extensively on a wide range of topics over his decades-long career. VARIED NET The politics of welfare in the 21st century. If probability theory were a kind of natural evolution from gambling, it should have emerged in many places, in many epochs, long before the 17th century. Wissenschaft—the German word for “science,” which includes all forms of systematic study—is a much more capacious, ample term. He manages the Phenomenal World. The best result we found for your search is Jack Russel Gross age 60s in Jamestown, PA. He was born September 9, 1959 in Farmington a son of Alvin and Constance Marie (Benjamin) Gross. Jack Gross is a writer, editor, and researcher in New York. It’s a nonstarter as a historical hypothesis, even if some of the early applications did deal with gambling and chance. We spoke over the phone to discuss the labor of calculation, the various emergences of formal rationality, and the importance of interdisciplinarity in the social sciences. Despite 13 consecutive years of top performance reviews, Jack Gross was suddenly demoted by his employer FBL Financial Group. Check Reputation Score for Jack Gross in Chapel Hill, NC - View Criminal & Court Records | Photos | Address, Emails & Phone Number | Personal Review | $250K+ Income & … An interview with Seda Gürses and Bekah Overdorf. 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